»²¾È¡§Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz¡¡No.1¡õ No.2:
The photo above: Surrender of Japan, Tokyo Bay, 2 September 1945 Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, USN, signs the Instrument of Surrender as United States Representative, on board USS Missouri (BB-63), 2 September 1945. Standing directly behind him are (left-to-right): General of the Army Douglas MacArthur; Admiral William F. Halsey, USN, and Rear Admiral Forrest Sherman, USN.
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He, along with Secretary of War Henry Stimson and Under Secretary of State Joseph Grew, in the early months of 1945, strongly advocated a softer policy toward Japan that would permit a negotiated face-saving surrender. His primary concern was "the menace of Russian Communism and its attraction for decimated, destabilized societies in Europe and Asia," and, therefore, keeping the Soviet Union out of the war with Japan. Had his advice been followed, Japan might well have surrendered before August 1945, precluding the use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki [1]. So strongly did he feel about this matter that he cultivated negotiation attempts that bordered closely on insubordination toward the President. [1]
As a person who prized anonymity and once stated that his hobby was "obscurity", he and his policies had been the constant target of vicious personal attacks from columnists, including Drew Pearson and Walter Winchell.Pearson's protege, Jack Anderson, later asserted that Pearson "hectored Forrestal with innuendos and false accusations."
Anderson grew close to Joseph McCarthy, and the two exchanged information from sources,[citation needed] but when Pearson went after McCarthy, Anderson reluctantly followed at first, then actively assisted with the eventual downfall of his one-time friend.
Pearson unrelentingly continued his attacks on Forrestal in his columns and radio broadcasts, openly berating Truman for not firing Forrestal.[11] President Truman asked for Forrestal's resignation, replacing him with an administration insider, Louis A. Johnson. Forrestal's removal and Johnson's appointment would have serious consequences in coming years with the sudden outbreak of the Korean War.
At that point Forrestal suggested a compromise: The United States should send a reply that reaffirmed the Potsdam demands while neither rejecting the Japanese offer nor discouraging hope that the emperor could remain. Byrnes, aided by his special assistant, Benjamin Cohen, was given primary responsibility for drafting a reply, though Forrestal, Leahy, Stimson, and Truman himself all lent a hand, as did Undersecretary Grew. Grew had not been at the White House meeting, but he was the government¡Çs highest-ranking expert on Japan and had always stressed the crucial role of the emperor in any surrender scheme. Now ¡ÈGrew, mastering his personal pride, opened the door between his office and Byrnes¡Ç and said, ¡ÆMr. Secretary, if you are working on the Japanese note I believe I and some others could be helpful.¡Ç ¡É Byrnes agreed.
In 1947 Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal sent a naval task force to Antarctic including Admiral Nimitz, Admiral Krusen and Admiral Byrd, called "Operation Highjump". It was touted to be an expedition to find "coal deposits" and other valuable resources, but in actuality they were trying to find the underground base of the nazis (aryans) in Neuschwabenlandt.... The nazis had done a very detailed study of Antarctic and were alleged to have built an underground base there. In this regard however, the aryans have had an underground under the ice habitation in Antarctic for more than a million years. The task force of OVER 40 SHIPS, included the flagship "Mount Olympus", the aircraft carrier "Philipine Sea", the seaplane tender "Pine Sea", the submarine "Senate", the destroyer "Bronson", the ice breaker "Northwind", and other tanker and supply ships. An armed contingent of 1400 sailors, and three dog sled teams were also on board.... The expedition was filmed by the Navy and brought to Hollywood to be made into a commercial film called "The Secret Land". It was narrated by Hollywood actor Robert Montgomery (Naval reserve Officer) . There were three divisions of Operation High Jump: one land group with tractors, explosives, and plenty of equipment to refurbish "Little America", and make an airstrip to land the six R-4D's (DC-3's), and two seaplane groups. The R4-D's were fitted with jet-assist takeoff bottles (JATO) in order to takeoff from the short runway of the aircraft carrier "Philipine Sea". They also were fitted with large skis for landing on the ice field prepared for them. The skis were specially fitted at three inches above the surface of the carrier deck. When landing on the ice at "Little America" the three inches of tire in contact with the snow and ice provided just enough and not too much drag for a smooth landing. Admiral Byrd's team of six R4-D's were fitted with the super secret "Trimetricon" spy cameras and each plane was trailing a magnetometer. They flew over as much of the continent as they could in the short three month "summer" period, mapping and recording magnetic data. Magnetometers show anomalies in the Earth's magnetism, i.e. if there is a "hollow" place under the surface ice or ground, it will show up on the meter. On the last of many "mapping" flights where all six planes went out, each on certain pre-ordained paths to film and "measure" with magnetometers, Admiral Byrd's plane returned THREE HOURS LATE. It was stated that he had "lost an engine" and had had to throw everything overboard except the films themselves and the results of magnetometer readings in order to maintain altitude long enough to return to Little America. This is most certainly the time when he met with representatives of the aryans and a contingent of nazis. The task force came steaming back with their data which then became classified "top secret". Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal retired and started to "talk". He was put in Bethesda Naval Hospital psychiatric ward where he was prevented from seeing or talking to anyone, including his wife! after a short while he was thrown out the window while trying to hang himself with a bedsheet. It was ruled a suicide, case closed. He was telling people about the underground aryan base.
Hence, FDR knew about the Japan plan to attack Pearl Harbor since January 1941. She was never given credit for her breakthrough in order to mask America's success in learning Japanese military secret, including the "no-so-surprising" attack on Pearl Harbor in December 7th, 1941.
Mrs. Driscoll broke Japanese Navy manual codes -- the Red Book Code in the 1920s, the Blue Book Code in 1930, and, in 1940, she made critical inroads into JN-25, the Japanese fleet's operational code, which the U.S. Navy exploited after the attack on Pearl Harbor for the rest of the Pacific War.
Greene is of much greater significance in indicating the real influences within the Institute of Pacific Relations than any Communists or fellow travelers. He wrote the constitution for the lPR in 1916
Walt Disney became a domestic spy for the Federal Bureau of Investigation starting in the early 1940s and helped usher in the infamous Hollywood Blacklist.
General Willoughby, in addition to his military credentials also authored the book "The Shanghai Conspiracy." The 1952 book, is a controversial [at least at the time] look at Richard Sorge a Soviet spy, who practically singlehandedly saved Russia from at least two nightmarish situations in World War 2. One, he ostensibly provided the Soviet's with advance warning of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor with the all important addendum that Soviet Far East installations would not be attacked, and Two, that Hitler's army would invade Russia practically on the day that the invasion took place on June 22, 1941, when Hitler's armies did indeed march across the border into what would become infamous as "The Russian Front." What makes The Shanghai Conspiracy more than a book about the exploits of Richard Sorge, is the fact that Willoughby had submitted a report on the Sorge Spy Ring during World War 2(no, later: Bruxelles) and more importantly, that after the war ended the Soviet's had a large apparatus of spies and infiltrators in Washington D.C., some according to Willoughby were in prominent positions in the US State Department and elsewhere.
The Truman Doctrine delivered 12 March 1947 before a Joint Session of Congress¡¡¡§Truman's Voice The Truman Doctrine : The Marshall Plan Speech : The Marshall Plan :Speech :Video & Voice (mp3) : The Marshall Plan:The original copy of the speech : Kennan¡Çs ¡ÈX¡É Plus Fifty: George F. Kennan : Wikipedia »²¾È¡§The Marshall Plan Myth¡§ »²¾È¡§History News Network ¡§ The Truman Doctrine¤«¤éMarshall Plan¤¬·Á¤Ë¤Ê¤ë²áÄø¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ÎËܼÁ¤¬ÊѼÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¼«»¦¤Ç¤¢¤ì¾»¦¤Ç¤¢¤ì¡¢Forrestal¤¬ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¡¢Á¤󤸤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¯²áÄø¤¬¸«¤¨¤ëµ¤¤¬¤¹¤ë¡£Æ±¤¸»ëÅÀ¤Î»ñÎÁ¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¸÷¤ÎÊý¸þ¤¬°ã¤¦¡Ê¾å¤Î»²¾È¤â¡Ë¡£ ¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Î¶µ²Ê½ñ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÊդΤȤ³¤í¤À¡£The Marshall Plan¤Ï¹ñºÝÏ¢¹ç¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¡Êư¤¤¤¿¿Íʪ¤Þ¤ÇÉôʬŪ¤Ë½Å¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë¡¢´Å¤¯°á¤Îʬ¸ü¤¤¥Æ¥ó¥×¥é¤ÇÃæ¿È¤Ï¸«¶Ë¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê°Õ¿Þ¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄ´Íý¤µ¤ì°á¤¬ÉÕ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¸¡¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£ The Truman Doctrine, The Marshall Plan,Dean Acheson ,Alger Hiss,Clark M. Eichelberger,George Marshall,...Åù¤ò´°Á´¤ËÊ̤λëÅÀ¤Ç¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤â¡¢¥¼¥í¤«¤éºÆ¸¡¾Ú¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¥Þ¡¼¥·¥ã¥ë¥×¥é¥ó¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤ò¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢¿·¤·¤¤Îò»Ë¶µ²Ê½ñ¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤âƱ¤¸¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
Eichelberger testified that he, former Secretaries of War Robert Patterson and Henry L. Stimson, and Hiss had formed the Committee to Aid the Marshall Plan to garner popular support for the bill.
In 1950, Lester Pearson, then Secretary of State for External Affairs, visited Japan at a time when the Cold War atmosphere was distinctly chilly and Norman was facing U.S. Congressional allegations of being a communist and even a spy on behalf of an enemy power. Norman, a long-time friend of Pearson, is shown here greeting his "boss" at the airport in Tokyo.
while he was induced to review several books for Amerasia, Pacific Affairs, and Far Eastern Survey, he did not find much time for any other subjects. It is apparent he attended several gathering, described in the correspondence of Shigeto Tsuru as S.G. 3 (Study Group No. 3).... In 1938, NORMAN became a research associate with the Institute of Pacific Relations. ...
Among those signing the memorial scroll were (from the right) Iwamura Shinobu, Matsukata Saburo, Maruyama Masao, Iwanami Yujiro, ¡Ê¼Ì¿¿¤¬ÅÓÀÚ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤ÏYoshino Genzaburo, and Okubo Genji¤é¤Î̾Á°¤â¤¢¤ë¡Ë¡£³Æ¿Í¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ÆüËܤǤÏNorman¤Ï·è¤·¤Æ¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¤È¤ÏǧÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È»×¤¨¤Æ¤¤¿¡£¤Ê¤ë¤Û¤É¡¢ÆüËܻˤϤ½¤¦Î®¤ì¤Æ¤¤Æ´û¤Ë»ö¼Â¤È¤·¤Æ¤½¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¡£ ¡ÊLester Pearson¤¬¼óÁê¤ò·Ð¸³¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¥Î¡¼¥Ù¥ëʿϾޤò¼õ¾Þ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤â²ÃÌ£¤¹¤ë¤È¤¿¤È¤¨¤ÐNo.7¤ÎÀâ¤ÏNorman¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ´û¤ËÌÀ¤«¤µ¤ì¤¿»ö¼Â¤Ê¤Î¤À¤¬¡¢¤É¤¦¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤âµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¾ã³²¤¬¤¢¤ê¤¹¤®¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡Ë
In the 1990s, with the declassification of Soviet intelligence materials, which showed the extent and the type of the information obtained by the Soviets from US sources, a heated debate ensued in Russia and abroad as to the relative importance of espionage, as opposed to the Soviet scientists' own efforts, in the making of the Soviet bomb. The vast majority of scholars agree that whereas the Soviet atomic project was first and foremost a product of local expertise and scientific talent, it is clear that espionage efforts contributed to the project in various ways and most certainly shortened the time needed to develop the atomic bomb.
¤¤¤Ä¤â¤ÎüÀµ¤ÊForrestal¤é¤·¤¯¤Ê¤¤¥è¥ì¥è¥ì¤Î°ÛÍͤÊɽ¾ð¤À¡£ Secretary of the U.S. Navy, James Forrestal (right), and Vice Admiral W.H.P. Blandy (left), commander of the joint Army-Navy Task Force 1, watch the atom bomb explode over bikini lagoon, from the bridge of the U.S.S. Mt. McKinley.1946
Stephenson was soon a very close advisor to FDR, and suggested to Roosevelt that he put Stephenson's good friend William J. 'Wild Bill' Donovan in charge of all U.S. intelligence services. Donovan founded the U.S. wartime Office of Strategic Services (OSS) which eventually became the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
¤Ä¤Þ¤êDonovan¡ÊWilliam Joseph Donovan¡Ë¤ÏStephenson¤Ë¶µ°é¤µ¤ì¤½¤Î»ØÆ³¤Î¤â¤È¤ËOSS¤È¤¤¤¦ÁÈ¿¥¤òÁÏÀߤ·¤¿¡£OSS¤ÏCIA¤ÎÁ°¿È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢»þ¤ËCIA¤Ï¸µ¡¹¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¤¬ºî¤Ã¤¿ÁÈ¿¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤È¸À¤¦¿Í¤¬¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤À¡£
Under Stephenson, the BSC directly influenced U.S. media (including the writing of American newspaper columnists Walter Winchell and Drew Pearson) and other media in the hemisphere towards pro-British and anti-Axis viewpoints.
¤³¤³¤Ë¤µ¤ê¤²¤Ê¤¯½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ëDrew Pearson¤ËÁ°¤«¤éÃíÌܤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Drew Pearson¤ÏJoseph R. McCarthy¤äJames Forrestal¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤ÆÅо줹¤ë¸«²á¤´¤»¤Ê¤¤¡Ê·ù¤Ê¡Ë¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤À¡£¤¤¤Ä¤«¤Þ¤ÊÈĤˤ¼¤Ò¤È¤â¾è¤»¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ê»²¾È¡§Drew Pearson¡Ë
Controversial historian David Irving, in Churchill¡Çs War, reveals evidence of a secret communications link between Roosevelt and Churchill that was run by the FBI but controlled through Stephenson¡Çs office.
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